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Monsoon
Monsoon (UK: ; US: ) is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation,〔Ramage, C., ''Monsoon Meteorology''. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 15, 296 pp., Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. 1971.〕 but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.〔Trenberth, .K.E., Stepaniak, D.P., Caron, J.M., 2000, The global monsoon as seen through the divergent atmospheric circulation, ''Journal of Climate'', 13, 3969–3993.〕〔("On Air–Sea Interaction at the Mouth of the Gulf of California", Paquita Zuidema and Chris Fairall, in ''Journal of Climate'', Volume 20, Issue 9, May 2007, published by the American Meteorological Society )〕 Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase.
The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons. The inclusion of the North and South American monsoons with incomplete wind reversal has been debated.
The term was first used in English in British India (now India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and neighbouring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.〔International Committee of the Third Workshop on Monsoons. (The Global Monsoon System: Research and Forecast. ) Retrieved on 2008-03-16.〕 The south-west monsoon winds are called 'Nairutya Maarut' in India.
== Etymology ==
The English ''monsoon'' came from Portuguese ''monção'', ultimately from Arabic ''mawsim'' (موسم "season") and/or Hindi "mausam", "perhaps partly via early modern Dutch ''monsun''".〔''OED'' online〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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